Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Counterfactuals: Counterfactuals are hypothetical statements about what would have happened if something had been different. See also Counterfactual conditionals._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Logic Texts on Counterfactuals - Dictionary of Arguments
Read III 84 Conditional rates/conditional/read: We treat e.g., If Aristotle wrote dialogues, they are not preserved. as assertions that are true or false. The entire conditional sentence is true if either the antecedent is false or the consequent is true. One can rephrase: Either Aristotle wrote no dialogue or it is not preserved. Cf. >Implication, >Paradox of implication, >Disjunction. III 85 Def truth-functional: Conjunction and disjunction are called truth-functional because their truth depends directly and immediately on the truth of their constituent parts. >Truth value tables, >Truth function. III 86 Problem: The treatment of conditional sentences as truth-functional leads to a number of problems. For example, suppose the pound is devalued, but the recession continues anyway. Is this enough to confirm the claim that the recession will continue if the pound is not devalued? According to the truth-functional representation, this should be the case. III 87 But the conditional theorem suggests a closer connection between the antecedent and the consequent. We now see, however, that such a connection may not even exist. Therefore, there are doubts whether the truth-functional representation is the last word in this matter. We may now wonder whether the connections are valid. Truth-functional: Argument for the truth-functionality of conditional propositions: Conditional propositions are used to express the dependence of an argument's conclusion on its premises. III 88 The classical representation of validity said that the conclusion is true under any interpretation of the letters, even if the premises are ("conditionality principle"). It follows from the standard representation of inference and the conditionality principle together that conditional clauses are truth-functional. Problems: arise in connection with additional knowledge and assertiveness instead of truth. >Validity. III 277 Anti-realism: understanding must be shown understanding must manifest itself - truth is not evidence-transcendent. VsTradition: understanding of counterfactual situations can not be manifested and not be communicated - consequently it can not be acquainted._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Logic Texts Me I Albert Menne Folgerichtig Denken Darmstadt 1988 HH II Hoyningen-Huene Formale Logik, Stuttgart 1998 Re III Stephen Read Philosophie der Logik Hamburg 1997 Sal IV Wesley C. Salmon Logic, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 1973 - German: Logik Stuttgart 1983 Sai V R.M.Sainsbury Paradoxes, Cambridge/New York/Melbourne 1995 - German: Paradoxien Stuttgart 2001 Re III St. Read Thinking About Logic: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Logic. 1995 Oxford University Press German Edition: Philosophie der Logik Hamburg 1997 |
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> Counter arguments against Logic Texts
> Counter arguments in relation to Counterfactuals
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-29